The United States has a decades-long problem of shortages for affordable medicines that treat serious diseases, including cancer and diabetes. But hundreds of plants in China and India are ready to supply low-cost drugs to the American market, just as they do for hospitals across Asia and the world.

Drug companies, hospitals, and clinics in the US are highly incentivized to run shortages of the least expensive medicines, as patients have no choice but to switch to more costly treatments. And regulators and inspectors for the Food and Drug Administration are highly recruited by drug companies, which reduces how many inspectors are available, and how many foreign plants can be inspected and approved. The FDA is currently short of hundreds of plant inspectors, most acutely so in Asia, which is where all the low-cost drugs are made.

Resources and links:

Drug shortages hit record high, pharmacists warn
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/....drug-shortages-hit-r

Cancer drug shortage is forcing doctors to decide which patients get treatment
https://abcnews.go.com/Health/....cancer-drug-shortage

Drug shortage can put patients' lives at risk, experts warn
https://abcnews.go.com/Politic....s/drug-shortage-put-

Drug shortages reach record high in US
https://www.cnn.com/2024/04/12..../health/drug-shortag

As drug shortages reach record highs, regulators weigh next steps
https://www.biopharmadive.com/....news/drug-shortages-

Nearly 2,000 drug plants are overdue for FDA checks after COVID delays, AP finds
https://www.pressherald.com/20....24/09/05/nearly-2000

The revolving door swings again as Lupin hires an FDA official who oversaw problems at a key plant
https://www.statnews.com/pharm....alot/2022/04/28/fda-

FDA's revolving door: Companies often hire agency staffers who managed their successful drug reviews
https://www.science.org/conten....t/article/fda-s-revo

US drug shortages reach all-time high: Cancer and diabetes patients waiting 'deadly' amount of time for lifesaving drugs
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/he....alth/article-1329804

Closing scene, Shenzhen River, Guangdong province

In Brazil, it is known that many black people have been taught to whiten the family through interracial unions with white men and women. In this video, one teacher recalls how his grandmother encouraged the girls and women in his family to choose white men.

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Welcome to Powered by Nyame, the YouTube channel that takes spirituality, history, and cultural data seriously and offers fascinating and useful insights. This week we ask who is really a lunatic, crazy, or simply out of their rightful mind, and who is not. The results will surprise you. Stay tuned!

Join our Whatsapp group: https://whatsapp.com/channel/0....029VacYk574dTnEn6h9j
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Research and Development (R&D) is a major profit center for the top universities in the United States. Besides the nearly $100 billion they earn in grants from the US government and private sources, university-based researchers create patents and inventions that generate many more billions annually.

China is the largest foreign source of scientists and researchers, and they are concentrated in the hard sciences and in engineering, where over 95% of R&D spending takes place. But since 2018, Chinese scientists are increasingly deciding to return to China to set up new research departments. Of those who are still in the US, over 60% admit they are strongly considering moving, and over half now refuse to work on projects that involve funding by US government sources.

To American universities, the loss of these scientists, along with future contributions to scientific research and commercial applications and market value, are incalculable. But losses probably already exceed a trillion dollars, given the departures of so many top scientists in Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, medicine, biochemistry, materials science, nanotechnology, and quantum computing.

Resources and links:

More Chinese Students Are Staying in China to Study
https://erudera.com/news/more-....chinese-students-are

Surge in Chinese Scientists Leaving US for Home Institutions
https://erudera.com/news/surge....-in-chinese-scientis

Caught in the crossfire: Fears of Chinese–American scientists
https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2216248120

Scientists of Chinese descent leaving the US at an accelerating pace
https://www.chemistryworld.com..../news/scientists-of-

Reverse Brain Drain? Exploring Trends among Chinese Scientists in the U.S.
https://sccei.fsi.stanford.edu..../china-briefs/revers

Resources on the Patent Revenue Budget Model
https://financeandbusiness.ucd....avis.edu/bia/budget/

R&D Expenditures at U.S. Universities Increased by $8 Billion in FY 2022
https://ncses.nsf.gov/pubs/nsf24307

South China Morning Post, Nanotech pioneer Wang Zhonglin leaves US to work in China ‘full time’
https://www.scmp.com/news/chin....a/science/article/32

SCMP, The Chinese scientists leaving top US universities to take up high-profile roles in China, boosting Beijing in its race for global talent
https://www.scmp.com/news/chin....a/science/article/32

Closing scene, Suzhou, Jiangsu