To much of the world, Somalia has a fearsome reputation. It is seen as one of the most dangerous places on the planet - a failed state that is widely believed to be home to warlords, pirates and terrorists.

But in the north of the country, at least, the reality is different.

Somaliland is an autonomous enclave with its own flourishing capital city, Hargeisa. Though a long way off from receiving international recognition as an independent state, it is a haven of peace and stability when compared with the rest of Somalia.

But Somaliland has its dark side. Within living memory its citizens fell victim to the most savage of state-sponsored atrocities. General Siad Barre - the ruthless dictator who ruled Somalia from 1969 to 1991 - went to war with the clans who inhabited the area. Believing them to be supporting a rebellion against his regime, he took revenge by sending in his army with a mandate to "kill all but the crows".

The city of Hargeisa was virtually destroyed during intense and pitiless bombardment. Many thousands of people were killed or driven into exile. Barre's soldiers, meanwhile, tortured and murdered as many as 50,000 others - most of them civilians - and buried their bodies in mass graves. Now, as those who still live in this region try to secure their future, some feel those past agonies should be re-examined and those responsible held to account.

In this exclusive two-part investigation, People and Power meets a community coming to terms with the horrors of the past and joins forces with a group of forensic investigators and human rights activists attempting to bring an alleged war criminal, Yusuf Abdi Ali, also known as Colonel Tukeh, to account.



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More than thirty years of increasingly repressive rule by one man in Chad has in recent weeks given way to sudden political uncertainty, as first an unappointed military council and now a transitional government reckon with the country’s future in the wake of President Idriss Deby’s unexpected death.

Chad’s interim president Mahamat Deby – son of Idriss – on May 2 named a 40-member transitional government after days of widespread popular discontent over power being concentrated within a 15-member Transitional Military Council (CMT), led by Deby.

While some opposition leaders have joined the new transitional government, the majority of ministerial posts were reserved for members of Deby’s Patriotic Salvation Movement (MPS). And there is simmering public discontent that parliament was dissolved and the constitution suspended before the CMT was formed. While parliament reconvened this week, one opposition leader says Chad is still being denied a full transition to civilian rule.

In this episode of The Stream, we’ll look at what lies ahead for people in Chad as it adjusts to life without Idriss Deby.

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Proposed a century ago to better explain the mind-bending behavior of the smallest constituents of the universe, quantum theory has implications far beyond the atom. This rich set of laws has applications both practical and extraordinary — from the technology that has revolutionized modern life to the possibility of parallel worlds.

Our audience joined Alan Alda as he accompanied Brian Greene, Nobel Laureate William Phillips and other leading thinkers at the vanguard of quantum research on an accessible multimedia exploration of the astounding weirdness of the quantum world.

This program is part of the Big Ideas Series, made possible with support from the John Templeton Foundation.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.
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Original Program date: May 30, 2008
MODERATOR: Alan Alda
PARTICIPANTS: David Z. Albert, Brian Greene, Max Tegmark, William Phillips

Brian Greene Introduces quantum physics 00:00

A throw of the dice dance performance. 21:15

Participant Introductions. 22:54

Are probability waves real? 25:55

Brian Greene on the accuracy of quantum mechanics 37:30

Einstein says that nothing is random. 47:56

Quantum entanglement 51:10

Not enough information in the universe for a 400 bit quantum computer 01:09:41

Is there something missing from Quantum Physics? 01:22:15

Marcia Bartusiak joins Kip Thorne, Laura Danly and Rainer Weiss to demonstrate how two observatories on opposite sides of the country, called LIGO (Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory), may open a new window on observing the cosmos—one based not in light but in gravity. Scientists have embarked on this joint experiment, seeking whispers of far-away violence—like the collision between distant black holes—rippling through the cosmos. It’s taken nearly a century, but technology has finally caught up to Einstein’s brilliance. His 1916 General Theory of Relativity predicted the existence of gravitational waves—undulations in the very fabric of space and time—and LIGO researchers are now poised to detect them.

The World Science Festival gathers great minds in science and the arts to produce live and digital content that allows a broad general audience to engage with scientific discoveries. Our mission is to cultivate a general public informed by science, inspired by its wonder, convinced of its value, and prepared to engage with its implications for the future.

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Original Program Date: June 4, 2010
MODERATOR: Marcia Bartusiak
PARTICIPANTS: Andrea Lommen, Kip S. Thorne, Laura Danly, Rai Weiss

The Sound of the future 00:00

Marcia Bartusiak's Introduction 00:40

The history of gravity. 05:55

Participant Introductions. 08:02

How did we get here from the past? 12:11

The universal rate of acceleration. 18:43

What drew Einstein to rethink Newton's ideas. 24:30

What Einstein predicted. 29:28

What happens when two black holes collide? 35:35

Stumbling on to a binary pulsar 40:30

Why do you study something that doesn't exist? 46:10

Measuring the strain of the universe. 53:35

LIGOS the gravitational tape measure. 59:35

When do you hear the gravity wave? 01:09:30

What are the new surprises to look forward to? 01:16:00

What would you expect space time to look like when black holes collide? 01:22:25